 
Pond Algae;The control, prevention and treatment of green water algae and blanket (or string) algae. |
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Pond Algae; The control, prevention and treatment of green water algae and blanket (or string) algae. |
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POND ALGAE CONTROL; I will discus two primary algae problems; green water (or free floating algae) and attached algae such as common string algae (also known as hair algae, blanket algae or Blanket weed). First a brief description: Algae are plants that vary from small and single-celled to complex multi-cellular species that use photosynthesis to produce nutrients they need from sunlight and other sources. Even though they are small in size, they are very strong plants. Similar to most plants, algae require organic and inorganic nutrients, light, carbon dioxide (oxygen at night), water and heat. First of all water chemistry is important for both types of algae. A pH between 7.0 and 8.0 is important and even more important is a GH between 100 and 300 and a KH between 50 and 150 . This will in aid in maintaining a healthy Redox Potential. Good circulation and filtration are also important (please see my full pond article for more about this: “A Clear Pond”; Pond Information). Finally a well Cycled pond where ammonia is 0, nitrites are 0, nitrates are less than 50 ppm, and phosphates near 0 is very important to algae control. I would also like to note that I do NOT recommend the use of chemical pond algae killers as these often can exasperate the problem in two ways. One is that these chemical do not remove algae, they kill it where it falls to the bottom and adds to decaying organic mulm that then adds more nitrates and nitric acid to your pond which in turn spurs the growth of even more algae. The other problem is related and that is as the dead algae decays it depletes oxygen which can be deadly to the fish and spur the growth of toxic Blue Green Algae (Cyanobacteria). The nitric acid production can also lead to dangerous pH crashes if the proper KH is not maintained.  GREEN WATER: Green water is basically single cell algae that is usually too fine to be filtered out by most common pond filters (sometimes Diatom filters can achieve this). Control of green water may involve several parameters and methods or sometimes just one or two. Here are parameters and methods worthy of note: *As noted above, a GH between 100 to 300 and a KH between 50 to 150 are important. This effects Electrolyte levels and Redox Potential as well as pH. Water changes, ‘flow through’ circulation, and products such as Wonder Shells can also help (avoid use of Plaster of Paris or Lime. If your GH is low this can be a problem during the hours of the day when photosynthesis is high, even with an adequate KH. It is possible due to the production of carbonates by plants and algae without adequate water hardness (GH). In a pond with high algae growth this can especially become a problem due to increased photosynthesis. So increased KH and especially GH are very important for ponds with problem algae. *Decay and Bio Load; If you have a lot of decaying matter in your pond (usually on the bottom, however this can also be in a poorly maintained or designed filter as well), a high bio load (too many fish, fish waste, uneaten food, ECT), these will add to Nitrogenous waste (such as nitrates) which will provide nutrients for algae growth. Lowering your fish count, improving the quality of your Fish food (to lower fish waste due to lower food digestibility due to poor ingredients), and most important lowering the amount of decaying matter in your pond will improve this factor for algae control. Also as per the nitrogen cycle make sure you have a functioning Bio system in your pond (via filtration, veggie filters, ECT). *UV Sterilization; probably the king of green water control, A properly installed UV Sterilizer with a pond turnover of at least once every three hours and a flow rate through the UV of no faster than 40 gph per watt is very effective for the control of green water. The use of a properly installed UV will also aid in maintain a healthy GH level as photosynthesing Green Algae will be lowered substantially. The UV Sterilizer will also aid in Redox Potential which further helps in green water control. Please read this article for much more information about UV Sterilization: Ultra-violet Sterilization; How UV Sterilization works *Barley Straw; this is a so-so method in my opinion for green water control, however this can work or aid in green water control especially in milder cases or in conjunction with other methods and parameter controls. Barley Straw products work best when combined with other methods or products, Pond Keeper with Barley Straw is a much better Barley and effective Barley product as it is combined with Heterotrophic Bacteria. Pellets or even extract are more effective than plain straw due to the higher concentration of Iodine which has been shown to be the effective ingredient in this method. *Veggie Filter (plant filter); these remove many nutrients that algae need and are one of my more successful methods for pond green water and algae control (even without UV Sterilization). Another way a Veggie Filter helps is through acid production that counter acts the photosynthesis of algae. Please read this article for more information and methods for veggies filters: Pond Veggie (plant) filters *Blue Dyes; Some inert Blue dyes can be used like a sun block, these work to prevent light penetration into the pond which slows or inhibits algae growth. Methylene Blue may be used in a pinch, however even though it works even better than ordinary blue dyes for algae growth (due many of Methylene Blues medicinal properties) it also will destroy beneficial nitrifying bacteria and is very harsh on aquatic plants with long term use. *Copper; Copper Sulfate is effective in controlling green algae, however it to has side effects in that it is not good for pond plants and is difficult to remove from ponds. *Algaecides I do not recommend these as these are only a quick fix that often makes the situation worse in the long term. As algae are killed, they then die and add to the bio load which will then add more nutrients and pollutants to the water column which will further exasperate the algae problem.  HAIR ALGAE (Blanket Weed); *Again as noted above, a GH between 100 to 300 and a KH between 50 to 150 are important. This effects Electrolyte levels and Redox Potential as well as pH. Water changes, ‘flow through’ circulation, and products such as Wonder Shells; Mineral Blocks can also help. For more please see the reference above under Green Water for GH. *Barley Pellets; I have found this more effective for control of blanket weed than green water. Beer has also been used for blanket weed control. Barley pellets or even extract are more effective than straw due to the higher concentration of Iodine which has been shown to be the effective ingredient in this method. *Decay and Bio Load; Basically the same as the previous description for green water control. *Veggie Filter (plant filter); these remove many nutrients that algae need. I have not had quite as good of success with blanket weed control as with green water control, however they still aid substantially when used in conjunction with other sound pond maintenance procedures. Please read this article for more information and methods for veggies filters: Pond Veggie (plant) filters *Flow through filtration; adding an over flow to remove water while a small amount of water is constantly added will control nutrient levels and aid in Redox and mineral replenishment (depending on the water parameters of the new added water). *Manual removal; this kind of goes without saying however since a pond is a living organism unlike a swimming pool, algae is going to be present in some form no matter what you do and removal by hand or implement is to be expected. For the FULL Pond Information article A Clear Pond; Pond Information, please visit this site:  For more aquarium information and articles (pond too), please visit this site:   
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